OBTAINING SLIP/PPP/WWW SOFTWARE

• Chameleon Sampler for Windows 3.1
• MacPPP
• FreePPP
• Netscape

may be found on the following UCF Web page:

The Chameleon Sampler installation program must be run from Windows. In the Program Manager under File go to Run. If you are installing the Internet Starter Kit, type a:setup and press <ENTER>. If you downloaded the Sampler from the Internet, use Browse or type the path of the directory that you placed the installation files and run setup.exe. Either method will load the installation program, install all the files in the netmanag directory, and create the program group and icons in Windows.

Now you are ready to configure Chameleon for use with UCF's terminal server. In the Program Manager in Windows there should be a group with the name Chameleon WebSurfer Sampler. Open this group by double clicking on it. Run Custom from the Chameleon WebSurfer Sampler Group by double clicking on it.

A) The first thing we have to do is define our interface name:

Many interfaces can be defined for different connections. The examples below are for the UCF terminal server.

From the menu click on Interface, then click on Add this will bring up an input box. There are two entries Name: and Type:. For Name type in UCF, and for Type click on the downward arrow and select PPP. It should look like this:

B) Select Setup. Not every selection could be documented fully since some are dependent on the hardware that you are using. In order to set all of these selections you are going to have to select each one, set it, and then go to the next one. Every time that you are done selecting one of the entries it will bring you back to the Custom window.

1) IP Address:

Enter a 1 in each box by using TAB to move from box to box; once you have done this select OK. You do not have to put anything else in there because the terminal server assigns the address dynamically (you will get a new IP address every time you connect to the terminal server).

2) Host Name: This entry is optional

3) Domain Name: This entry is optional

The host name and domain names are both optional. Host name will give your machine a name but it will not be valid since it will not be registered with any name server. An example of a host name is pegasus. Domain name is the domain or network that you are on. The domain name for pegasus is cc.ucf.edu. The host name and domain name are what gives a machine its Internet name address. For example the Pegasus mail server's is pegasus.cc.ucf.edu.

4) Port:

This is where the settings for the hardware that you are going to use and the hardware that you are connecting to are set. There are 8 selections that need to be made. All of them are listed below. Only 6 of these are documented below. The other two are dependent on your hardware and how it is setup. In order to select an entry just click on the button next to the selection.

a) Baud Rate:

This is dependent on the speed of your modem. The terminal server will connect up to 28800 baud so select the speed at which your modem runs the best. If your modem runs at 14400 baud or faster or if you have a dataphone, select 19200. The modems on the terminal server are set to adjust to the speed of the connecting modem.

If you are using a commercial package which supports 28.8 speed modems, you may not see a connection at maximum speed due to limitations of Windows and/or your machine's hardware. It is normal to see a connection of 24 kbps with a V.34 modem and Windows.

NOTE: V.FC modems will not connect faster than 14.4 kbps with UCF's terminal servers. UCF uses Multitech V.34 modems.

b) Data Bits: 8

c) Stop Bits: 1

d) Parity: None

e) Flow Control: Hardware

f) Connector: This is what port your modem or dataphone communicates through.

g) Parity Check

Select the box to the left of it so there is an x in it. Setting this is not necessary; it is just a preferred setting for working with UCF's terminal servers.

The figure below shows an example with a 14.4 modem connected to COM1.

5) Modem:

If you are using a dataphone, set modem to None.

If you have a different initialization string for your modem, you may enter it here. This is dependent on your hardware; refer to the manual that came with your modem for more details.

6) Dial:

Here you will enter the number you are calling and what you want the program to do if the connection times out. If you are using a dataphone, you do not need to provide a phone number.

The number that you will be calling is:

(407)275-4200	Main UCF campus and Orlando area
(407)513-4200	Main UCF campus and Orlando area
(407)636-9985	Brevard Area
(904)255-9906	Daytona Area

If you have to enter any prefixes to turn off call waiting or to dial out of a phone system, please enter those numbers before the calling number.

Set the Timeout to 90 seconds. This should allow you more than enough time to connect to the terminal server. Also select Redial After Timing Out, Signal When Connected, and Redial After Carrier Is Lost.

The figure below shows the settings to call from Campus with a prefix of 7 and the above settings.

7) Login:

Here you enter your username for Pegasus and the password. If you are using a dataphone, type any string of characters for the userid and leave the password field blank. The Startup Command is ppp. Your userid needs to be in lowercase and the password will show as asterisks as you type it. Below is the an example for a user named mickey with a password of mouse.

Note: If you change your Pegasus password, be sure to update the password in the above Login Settings box.

8) Interface Name: This does not need to be set or used at this moment.

9) Log: This does not need to be set or used at this moment.

132.170.240.15

132.170.249.15

The Domain Servers box should look like the following when you are finished:

These are all the necessary entries that need to be made to configure Custom. Save the file by selecting File and then Save. Exit Chameleon and restart it.

The script modifications for a computer with a modem are as follows:

[UCF]

SCRIPT=name: $u$r word: $p$r > $c$r -i

TYPE=PPP

The script modifications for a computer with a dataphone are as follows:

[UCF]

SCRIPT=-n $r$2$r$2$r MODIFY? c$r NUMBER: MAIL$r COMPLETE

$r$2$r$2$r$2$r CS>slip$r -i

TYPE=PPP

Note: The above SCRIPT= text for a dataphone is shown on two lines due to space limitations. In your file, the text should all be on one line.

Once you have made the necessary changes save the file and return to Custom.

From the Setup menu Select Log. This will bring up a screen that will show you the commands that are issued to your modem and what information it receives. Watch this screen carefully. If you have any difficulty connecting to the terminal server, the messages shown may help you (and the E-Mail and Internet Help Desk) to diagnose the problem.

Now select Connect from the Custom Menu. This will bring up a screen from Netmanage advertising their products (this is dependent on where you obtained the copy). Once you are done reading the window click on OK. A window with the title Connect and the number you are calling will appear.

The program will proceed to connect to the terminal server. You can view the program connecting to the terminal server in the log screen; this will show you if there are any problems, and where they are occurring.

Once the program is connected the above connect window will disappear and the Connect selection will change to Disconnect.

This will give you a PPP connection to the UCF terminal server. You can now run any of the TCIP/IP programs that you have such as Netscape or telnet clients.

A good way to check whether it is working correctly or not is by using Ping, which is one of the programs in the Chameleon Sampler group. Double click on the icon and it will bring up a window with a menu. Select Start and it will bring up a window. In this window type pegasus.cc.ucf.edu. It should start sending out signals and you should see it receiving in the window. If it says "no packets were received", your connection is not working correctly. Select Stop and try it again.

Now that your connection is established you can open your TCP/IP applications. If you have not obtained or installed Netscape on your PC, see page 54 and follow the steps for downloading and installing Netscape.

In order to end your connection, select Disconnect.

If you have any questions or problems you can send mail to the help account on Pegasus or you can call the Help Desk at 823-5117.

NOTE: If you only wish to access Pegasus and not the Internet, then use Hyperterminal instead of Dial-up Networking. See the dial-up instructions on page 7 for instructions on how to set up your session and your modem.

In the box underneath 'Type a name for the computer you are dialing:' enter UCF. The modem section should already have your modem listed in it. Note: If your modem has not been setup up already the 'Install Modem Wizard' will start automatically and set up your modem. Click on the Configure button. After clicking on the 'Options' tab the following window should appear:

Click on the 'Next>' button and the following window should appear:

In the 'Telephone number' area type one of the following numbers

(407)275-4200	Main UCF campus and Orlando area
(407)513-4200	Main UCF campus and Orlando area
(407)636-9985	Brevard Area
(904)255-9906	Daytona Area

Note: If you are dialing from on campus, you will need to add a '7,' to the beginning of the phone number to dial in. Click on the 'Next>' button to continue. The next box tells you that your connection is finished. Click on the 'Finish' button to exit out of the Wizard. You should now see a window called 'Dial-Up Networking' with two images in it. Right click on the 'UCF' icon and then click on 'Properties' as shown in the following image:

This should bring up a properties window as shown below:

NOTE: If you have a newer version of Windows 95, you may see a different window than from what is shown in this handbook. However, the configuration process will still be the same. If you have difficulty, please call the Help Desk (823-5117) for assistance.

In this area click on the 'Bring up terminal after dialing' check box. Click on the 'OK' button. This will return you to the original Wizard screen.

Click on the 'Server Type' button. This will bring up another window. In this window make sure that the 'Log on to network' option is not checked. If this option is check, click on the check mark area to deselect it. If this option is checked you will have problems connecting later. In the section labeled 'Allowed Network Protocols' make sure that only TCP/IP is selected. The windows should look like the following:

Press the 'TCP/IP Setting button. This brings up another window. In this section, make sure that 'Server assigned IP address' is selected. Click on 'Specify name server addresses' and then put the following information into the fields:

Primary DNS: 132.170.240.15

Secondary DNS: 132.170.249.15

Make sure that the option for default gateway is enabled. When you are finished the window should look like the following:

Click the 'OK' button to exit out of the 'TCP/IP Settings' area, click the 'OK' button to exit out of the 'Server Settings' area, and click the 'OK' button to exit the properties of this connection.

Entering PPP mode.

Async interface address is unnumbered (Ethernet0)

Your IP address is 132.170.nnn.nnn. MTU is 1500 bytes

At this point click the 'Continue' button on the terminal window (or press F7). The system will then tell you that you are connected to the system, and the speed that you are connected at.

Now that your connection is established you can open your TCP/IP applications, such as Internet Explorer or Netscape. If you wish to use Netscape instead of Internet Explorer, use Internet Explorer to access the Pegasus download page at the following address:

Make sure that you have selected the 'open terminal after dialing option' in the modem configuration/options dialog box.

I'm connecting and logging in, but I get an error message stating that Dialup Networking cannot log into system.

Make sure that you have turned off the 'Log into system' option in the 'Server Types' Dialog Box.

I'm connecting through to the system, but then I cannot access anything on the Internet. Every time I attempt to go somewhere I get a 'No DNS entry' or 'Domain Name failed' error.

Check and make sure that you have entered in the correct settings for the DNS in the properties/server_type area, and that the 'use default gateway on remote network' option is selected.

I'm connected to the system, but I get an error message stating that Dialup Networking cannot negotiate the requested protocols.

First make sure that in the 'Server Types' section only the 'TCP/IP' protocol is selected. If it is, then enter the Control Panel (Start Settings Control Panel) and double-click on the 'network' icon. You will see a screen similar to the following:

NOTE: If you have a newer version of Windows 95, you may see a different window than from what is shown in this handbook. However, the configuration process will still be the same. If you have difficulty, please call the Help Desk (823-5117) for assistance.

Under 'The following network components are installed: ' you will see a list; make sure that three things are in that list:

• Client for Microsoft Networks
• Dial Up Adapter
• TCP/IP

If Client for Microsoft Networks isn't there, click on the 'Add' button and double click on 'Client'. Select 'Microsoft' under 'Manufacturers: ' and 'Client for Microsoft Networks' under 'Network Clients: ', then click on 'OK'.

If Dial Up Adapter isn't there, click 'Add' and double click on 'Adapter'. Under 'Manufacturers: ' select 'Microsoft' and under 'Network Adapters: ' select 'Dial Up Adapter'. Click 'OK' when you are finished.

If TCP/IP isn't there, click 'Add' and double click on 'protocol'. Select 'Microsoft' in the 'Manufacturers: ' box and 'TCP/IP' in the 'Network Protocols: ' box. Click 'OK' to add TCP/IP to the list of network components. Once it has been added, go to it in the list and double click on it. You will see a window appear called 'TCP/IP Properties'. There are six tabs at the top; click on the tab that says 'WINS Configuration'. Click on the circle next to 'Disable WINS Resolution', then click on the 'Bindings' tab. Make sure that 'Client for Microsoft Networks' appears in the box with a check next to it, then click on the 'DNS Configuration' tab. Select 'Enable DNS' and type 'local' as the Host Name and 'cc.ucf.edu' as the Domain Name. Click in the box under 'DNS Server Search Order' and type '132.170.240.15', then click on 'Add'. Go back to the box and type '132.170.249.15' and click on 'Add' again. Finally, click in the box under 'Domain Suffix Search Order' and type 'ucf.edu', then click on 'Add'. The DNS Configuration window should look like the following when you are done:

Click on the 'OK' button at the bottom of the screen and you will be returned to the screen with the list of network components. Click on the 'OK' button at the bottom of that screen and you will be asked to restart the computer to make the changes take effect. Restart your computer, then go to your UCF icon in the Dial Up Networking folder and try to connect again.

Once you have done this, click on the 'Server' tab. The following window will appear:

In the section labeled 'Network Protocols' make sure that only TCP/IP is selected. Once you have done so, click on the button labeled 'TCP/IP Settings'. A window labeled 'PPP TCP/IP Settings' should appear. In this section, make sure that 'Server assigned IP address' is selected. Click on 'Specify name server addresses' and put the following information into the fields:

Primary DNS: 132.170.240.15

Secondary DNS: 132.170.249.15

Make sure that the option for default gateway is enabled. When you are finished, the window should look like the following:

Click the 'OK' button to exit out of the 'PPP TCP/IP Settings' window, which will take you back to the 'New Phonebook Entry' window. Click on the 'Script' tab, and the following window will appear:

Select 'Pop up a terminal window' and click on the 'OK' button. You will be returned to a screen that shows the name and phone number of the phonebook entry you just created. You can dial into the system from this screen.

Entering PPP mode.

Async interface address is unnumbered (Ethernet0)

Your IP address is 132.170.24.157. MTU is 1500 bytes

At this point, click on the 'Done' button at the bottom of the After Dial Terminal window. The system will say it is verifying your username and password and then will display a window telling you that you have successfully connected.

Now that your connection is established you can open your TCP/IP applications, such as Internet Explorer or Netscape. If you wish to use Netscape instead of Internet Explorer, use Internet Explorer to access the Pegasus download page at the following address:

Installing the Internet Starter Kit on your Macintosh is quite easy. The kit comes with all of the required software on a 3.5" disk. All you need to do is run the ISKM Installer on the disk.

Start the installation program and bring up the Read Me file. Check here for any important information that the manufacturer has provided. Once you are done reading, select Continue. This will bring you to the next window which asks you if you want to set up the software for another commercial Internet Service Provider. Select Custom so you can install it for UCF's server.

A listing of different installation options will appear. Select Full MacPPP Install from the menu, then click on Install. The installation procedure will load all of the software required to connect to the Internet.

Select the PPP icon, then click on More. The following window will appear:

There are four entries that can be modified here. Modify them as follows:

1. Obtain Address:

Select Server.

1. IP Address:

Click on the small slider and move it such that the Subnet Mask is set to 255.255.255.0

1. Domain Name Server Information:

Set domain to an asterisk (<*>). Set IP Address to 132.170.240.15. Click on Default next to the IP Address box.

1. Routing Information:

The Gateway Address: box should have 0.0.0.0 in it. You will not be able to change anything in it when you selected server at the Obtain Address box.

If you have successfully set each entry, your window should look like the one shown above.

Select OK and close the MacTCP control panel window. Your machine may tell you that you need to restart the machine; go ahead and do this. Now you are ready to configure MacPPP.

1. At Port Name: select the port that your modem is connected to. If you don't know, follow the cable from the modem to your computer; your modem will be connected to either your printer or your modem port.

1. If the PPP Server window says untitled, click on New. Type the name that you want to call your connection to the terminal server in the dialog box. For this example, the name UCF was used.

1. Select the server name from the PPP Server pop-up menu (we selected UCF).

1. Click on the Config button at the bottom of the window. This will bring up the configuration window for this server. The name of the server that you just selected in the previous window should be in the PPP Server Name box.

1. At the Port Speed pop-up menu select the speed of your modem. It gives you a selection up to 57600 (on Version 2.15 of MacPPP this goes up to 230,400). Our modems run at 28800, but with compression throughput can be higher. In order to do this you need to select a speed higher than your modem such that it is equal to or greater than 38400 (the example above is for a modem running at 9600). If you are using a dataphone, set the speed to 19200.

1. At the Flow Control pop-up menu select CTS +RTS (DTR).

1. If your phone line is a touch tone phone line select the button to the left of Tone Dial, otherwise select the button to the left of Pulse Dial.

1. At the Phone Num dialog box, type in the number that you are going to call. If you are using a dataphone, you may leave this blank. The number for the terminal server at UCF are:
   

   (407)275-4200	Main UCF campus and Orlando area
   (407)513-4200	Main UCF campus and Orlando area
   (407)636-9985	Brevard Area
   (904)255-9906	Daytona Area

   Place any prefixes you need here before the number.

At the Modem Init dialog box type in whatever initialization string you use for your modem. If you are using a dataphone, you may leave this blank. The initialization string should enable hardware handshaking and disable DTR. Consult the manual that came with your modem for more details. If you don't know what the initialization string is and you used the Internet Starter Kit, the file Modem Strings lists initialization strings for some of the more popular modems. This file is in the MacPPP 2.01 folder in the ISKM folder.

1. Select the Connect Script button on the bottom of the page. This will open the script window, where you will enter the commands that have to be given to the terminal server when you are connecting to it.

Below are the instructions of what you should do for each line if you are using a modem:

1. Select the Out button and leave the dialog box empty.
2. Select the Wait button and type name: in the dialog box.
3. Select the Out button and type your userid, a backslash, and a d. Select the box under the CR column so that there is an X in it.
4. Select the Wait button and type word: in the dialog box.
5. Select the Out button and type your password, a backslash, and a d in the dialog box. Select the box under the CR column so that there is an X in it.
6. Select the Wait button and type > in the dialog box.
7. Select the Out button and type ppp\d in the dialog box. Select the box under the CR column so that there is an X in it.

Once you are done select the OK button.

Below is an example of what the completed dialog box would look like for a user called mickey with a password of mouse and is using a phone modem:

Note: If you change your Pegasus password, be sure to update the password in your connect script.

Below are the instructions of what you should do for each line if you are using a dataphone:

1. Select the Out button and leave the dialog box empty.
2. Select the Wait button and type MODIFY? in the dialog box.
3. Select the Out button and type C MAIL. Select the box under the CR column so that there is an X in it.
4. Select the Wait button and type COMPLETE in the dialog box.
5. Select the Out button and type \r\d\r\d\r\d\r in the dialog box.
6. Select the Wait button and type CS> (all uppercase letters) in the dialog box.
7. Select the Out button and type slip in the dialog box. Select the box under the CR column so that there is an X in it.

Once you are done select the OK button.

Below is what the completed dialog box should look like:

When you are back at the configuration window click on Done. Close the control panel by clicking on the close window button on the top left hand corner.

1. Open the ConfigPPP control panel.

1. Make sure that the server that you want is selected, that your modem is connected to the correct port, and that the modem is on.

1. Click on the Open button. This will start the connection to Pegasus. A dialog box telling you exactly what is happening will appear.

1. Once you are connected to Pegasus, the dialog box will disappear. The Open button on the ConfigPPP control panel will become grayed out.

Now you are ready to run all your Software that came with the Internet Starter Kit. For information on running the software, refer to the Internet Starter Kit manual.

Minimum Requirements

Use the Easy Install, which is the default. The Install Location will reflect the name of your hard drive. You will then see a dialogue box with the following message:

Your Macintosh cannot be configured while other applications are running. Click continue to quit all other applications, then start installation and configuration.

Click on the Continue button as the message suggests. A window will then appear with the message that the installation was successful and that copies of files (if any) that were removed or updated are in a folder named 'FreePPP Install Backup Folder'. If you previously had MacPPP installed on your system, FreePPP will replace it and copy the old program into the backup folder. You will also be prompted to restart your system; you should do so now.

After your system has restarted, you should see the FreePPP phone icon in the bar at the top of the screen, as in the following example:

Click and hold the mouse button on the phone icon. When a menu appears, select Open FreePPP Setup... The following window will appear:

Click on the Accounts tab. The window will change as follows:

Click on the New button. You will see the following window:

Fill in the fields as follows:

Server name: UCF

The number that you will be calling is:

(407)275-4200	Main UCF campus and Orlando area
(407)513-4200	Main UCF campus and Orlando area
(407)636-9985	Brevard Area
(904)255-9906	Daytona Area

Connect: Using Terminal Window

When you are finished, the window should look as follows:

Click on the OK button. You will return to the Accounts screen where you should see the UCF account you just created. Now click on the General tab, and then click on the Modem Setup button. The following window will appear:

Normally, you should use the default settings in this window. If you experience difficulties with your modem, you can change the modem initialization string by clicking on the Use: button and typing in either AT&F or some other initialization string appropriate for your modem (consult your modem's documentation for more details). When you are finished, click on the OK button. You will return to the General window.

In the General window, click on the Open TCP/IP button. The following window will appear:

Fill in the fields as follows:

Connect via: FreePPP

Configure: Using PPP Server

Name server addr.: 132.170.240.15

132.170.249.15

When you are finished, click on the small square located in the upper-left corner of the window. You will be asked if you want to save the changes for the current configuration; click on the Save button.

You are now ready to connect to the terminal server. Click on the connect button at the top of the FreePPP Setup box. You should hear your modem dial and connect to the terminal server. After a successful connection, a box will appear. Fill in your userid and password when prompted. At the as5100-xx> prompt, type ppp. Below is an example screen:

Make sure that the Autodetect PPP Startup box has an 'X' in it. If not, click on the box and an

'X' will appear. With this box checked, FreePPP will automatically detect when PPP communications have begun. You can start PPP manually by clicking on the Start PPP button as soon as you see garbage characters at the bottom of the window. When the button at the top of the FreePPP Setup screen changes from Connect to Disconnect, PPP communication has been successfully established. You may now use any TCP/IP software, such as a web browser.

When you are finished and wish to disconnect, click on the Disconnect button at the top of the FreePPP Setup box.

pegasus% homepagesetup

The necessary directory and files will be created. All of your Web files will go into the public_html directory under your home directory. There are two files you will always need. First is the .htaccess file, which controls access to your directory. Without this file, httpd (The Web server daemon) will not serve your documents. The second file is your home.html file, the actual document pointed to in the list of Pegasus user home pages.

This section also presents several examples of how a web page might look after using the given language elements. Please note that due to differences between web browsers, the examples may not look exactly like what you may see with your web browser.

Please send any comments and suggestions you may have to the E-Mail and Internet Help Desk at help@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu

<tag>

Note the use of the less-than and greater-than symbols. In this section of the handout, these symbols are a required part of each tag (unlike the rest of this handout where they are used to denote keystrokes). Many tags also have a special form to denote the end of a formatting instruction; the syntax is as follows:

</tag>

Note the forward slash in between the less-than symbol and the tag name.

The following elements are discussed in this subsection:

1. The title element: <TITLE>text</TITLE>
2. The header elements: <H1>text</H1> through <H6>text<H6>
3. The paragraph break element: <P>
4. The line break element: <BR>
5. The bold element: <B>text</B>
6. The italics element: <I>text</I>
7. The anchor element

The Title ElementEach page you create should have a title. Often pages will be referred to by their title rather than their address for convenience. The syntax is as follows:

<TITLE>text</TITLE>

For example:

<TITLE>UCF Central Home Page</TITLE>

Each document should only have a single title element. To avoid confusion, the title element should be placed at the beginning of the file.

The Header ElementsIn order to differentiate between sections of your document, you can use a header element. The header elements create "chapter headings" that can be used to separate sections of text. There are six different levels of header, numbered 1 through 6. The syntax is as follows:

<Hn>text</Hn>

Where n is a header level number between 1 and 6. For example:

<H1>Information available from this site</H1>

Typically header level 1 is the most emphasized, often shown larger than normal text. From there level 2 is a bit smaller or less emphasized than level 3, all the way down to level 6. But, this is only a general guideline as the exact representation of the headers is browser dependent and can vary greatly. The relative importance of each header to the others is specified, but there are no guidelines for exactly how each level should be represented.

Paragraph Break Element In order to separate paragraphs, use the paragraph break element <P>. This will create a blank line or space between the preceding text and the text following the paragraph break element. You do not need a closing tag with the paragraph break; the paragraph break will occur where the <P> element is located in the file.

Line Break ElementLess emphatic than the paragraph break is the line break element <BR>. This element ends the current line and starts a new line on the line immediately following the current line (unlike the paragraph break, which would leave a blank line). You do not need a closing tag with the line break; the line break will occur where the <BR> element is located in the file.

Bold ElementsYou can emphasize a section of text by making it bold. The syntax is as follows:

<B>text</B>

For example:

You may call the <B>Help Desk</B> for further assistance.

Italics ElementsYou can also emphasize a section of text by making it italicized. The syntax is as follows:

<I>text</I>

For example:

Don't forget to include your <I>name</I> in your request.

The Anchor elementWhat makes the Web a unique Internet tool is the ability to access related documents and information servers by using "links" within a document. To create these links, you use the anchor element.

Before you can use the anchor element, you need to know the URL of the page you wish to link to. URL stands for Universal Resource Locator and serves as a unique address for HTML pages and certain other information resources. The syntax for the URL of a web page is:

http://address[/path][/filename]

where address is the location of the remote system on the Internet, path is optionally (do not type the brackets) the location of a web page on that system, and filename is optionally (do not type the brackets) the name of a web page to look at. In most cases the address is all you need as the remote system has established a default web page with the address. For example, the URL for the UCF home page is:

http://www.ucf.edu/

The URL can get more complicated if you need to specify a path and file name to get to a particular web page, as in the following URL for the UCF interactive campus map:

http://www.ucf.edu/campus/html/campus.html

Sometimes a tilde (located next to the 1 key on most keyboards) is used to denote a specific user on a system, as in the following URL to get to the software download page on the Pegasus Help account:

http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~help/download/

With the above URL information in mind, here is the syntax for an anchor element:

<A HREF="url">text</A>

Where url is the URL of the web page you want to link to, and text is how you want the link to appear on your web page. For example:

Here is a list of all

<A HREF="http://www.ucf.edu/servers.html/">information servers</A>

available at UCF.

Depending on the web browser you are using, the link text can appear highlighted, underlined, or in reverse text. When you use the mouse or cursor to select the link text, the web page indicated by the anchor will be displayed.

1. The Horizontal Rule: <HR>
2. The Unordered List: <UL>, <LI>, and </LI>
3. The Ordered List: <OL>, <LI>, and </OI>
4. The Dictionary List: <DL>, <DT>, <DD>, and </DL>
5. Inline Images

The Horizontal RuleThe Horizontal Rule element creates a horizontal line separating two sections of text. In graphical browsers it is often a sharp line, and in text browsers it is often a sequence of hyphens or similar characters. To create a Horizontal Rule, put <HR> where you wish the line to be in your document.

The Unordered ListThe Unordered list is the simplest of the list types. Typically, each item in the list is preceded by a bullet or box in graphical browsers, or some character, often an asterisk, in text browsers. The syntax of an unordered list is:

<UL>

<LI>text

...

</UL>

For example, a list of the days of the week would look like:

<UL> <LI>Monday <LI>Tuesday <LI>Wednesday <LI>Thursday <LI>Friday <LI>Saturday <LI>Sunday </UL>

And might be displayed by a browser as:

• Monday
• Tuesday
• Wednesday
• Thursday
• Friday
• Saturday
• Sunday

Within each list entry, you can use other HTML elements, such as bold, italics, and anchors, to create better looking lists. You can even nest new lists within the current list, but be careful to check the placement of the opening and closing elements of all the lists.

The Ordered ListThe Ordered list is very similar to the unordered list, but instead of a bullet or asterisk preceding each item, the items in an ordered list have a definite order and are preceded by numbers or letters to show that order. The syntax of an ordered list is similar to that of an unordered list:

<OL>

<LI>test

...

</OL>

For example, an ordered list of the months of the year would look like:

<OL> <LI>January <LI>February <LI>March <LI>April <LI>May <LI>June <LI>July <LI>August <LI>September <LI>October <LI>November <LI>December </OL>

And might be displayed by a browser as:

1. January
2. February
3. March
4. April
5. May
6. June
7. July
8. August
9. September
10. October
11. November
12. December

The Dictionary ListThe Dictionary list is the third and most complicated of the list types. As the name suggests, the dictionary list was created to be used in applications where there would be a series of items, each with further information. The syntax is as follows:

<DL>

<DT>text

<DD>text

...

</DL>

With the <DT> tag you state the term you wish to define, and with the <DD> tag you define the term. For example, a well known song from The Sound of Music might be represented as:

<DL> <DT>Do <DD>A deer, a female deer <DT>Re <DD>A drop of golden sun <DT>Mi <DD>A name, I call myself <DT>Fa <DD>A long, long way to run <DT>So <DD>A needle pulling thread <DT>La <DD>A note to follow so <DT>Ti <DD>I drink with jam and bread </DL>

And might be displayed by a browser as:

Do A deer, a female deerRe A drop of golden sunMi A name, I call myselfFa A long, long way to runSo A needle pulling threadLa A note to follow soTi I drink with jam and bread

Inline ImagesIncluding graphic images on your web page enhances the information contained on that page. Rather than lengthy text describing an object, you can simply show a picture of it. The syntax for including an image is as follows:

<IMG SRC="path"ALT="text">

where path describes the name and location of the file containing the graphic image, and text is optional descriptive text that would be displayed on text-only web browsers. For example, if you wish to include an image file named balloon.gif containing a picture of a balloon:

<IMG SRC="balloon.gif"ALT="This is a balloon">

When incorporating images into your web page, keep in mind how long they will take to load. Many people access the Web through a 14.4k or slower modem. Even with a direct Internet connection, very large images can take quite a while to transfer. A good guideline is to keep images under 25k whenever possible.

Actually, it doesn't, but public_html is where the server will look when it is given the ~USERID path statement.

What does this .htaccess file do?

That is the file that the server looks for to allow people to get documents from a directory. By default, access to a directory is restricted unless there is a .htaccess file to override that setting. Note: If you create a subdirectory under public_html, you will need to copy the .htaccess file into that directory.

Why do I get a page saying "This document has moved here"with a link to my home page?

That is because you left off the closing slash after your userid. Try it again with the slash.

Where can I learn how to write HTML?

There is a page off of the UCF Home Page that has a section on Web resources for HTML help. To get to it, select Links and then Outside. There is also a wide variety of HTML books in the local bookstores.

I have added other pages, but I keep getting "403 Forbidden"errors?

Why aren't my images being loaded?

Whenever you add files, you will probably have to change the rights so that people can access the files. To do this, go into your public_html directory and issue the following command:

pegasus% chmod a+r *

If you have any subdirectories containing web material, you will need to change the rights for those as well:

pegasus% chmod a+rx directory

where directory is the name of the subdirectory to change the access rights for.